Journal: JAMA Network Open

Article Title: Adjuvanted vs High-Dose Influenza Vaccines in Older US Adults

doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.10120

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, Randomization of facilities into block A or block B for the first week of the vaccination season accounts for facility size, which is based on the number of influenza vaccines administered in the prior 2022 to 2023 influenza season and geographic area to ensure size and geographic variation in both blocks. The sizes of the rectangles correspond to the number of vaccines administered in the previous season. B, After block A and block B were assigned to adjuvanted or high-dose vaccine for the first week of the influenza season, every facility alternated formulations weekly until the end of the season. a Week 1 and week 36 were partial weeks; August 17, 2023, was the first date of the 2023-2024 influenza season in which at least 1 dose of adjuvanted and 1 dose of high dose were administered at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. April 16, 2024, was the last eligible date of vaccination to be included in the study population.

Article Snippet: Starting with the 2022 to 2023 season, , the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) preferentially recommended that adults 65 years or older receive an adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluad [CSL Seqirus]) or higher-dose influenza vaccine, which includes high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose [Sanofi]) and recombinant influenza vaccine (Flublok [Sanofi]).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Vaccines, Northern Blot

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibody responses elicited by Novartis H1N1 pdm09 monovalent IIV in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Pregnant women received a 15 μg (P15, n = 21) or 30 μg dose (P30, n = 23), and a non-pregnant control group received a 15 μg dose (NP15, n = 23). Antibody responses were measured in sera before (day 0) and 21 days post-vaccination. ( A ) Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), microneutralization (MN), and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) activity, and IgG specific for full-length hemagglutinin (HA FL), HA stalk domain (Stalk), and neuraminidase (NA) from H1N1 pdm09 A/California/07/2009. Circles represent individual samples. ns = not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, calculated by Wilcoxon signed rank test. ( B ) Fold change in Ab titers 21 days post-vaccination above baseline (left axis). Circles depict individual vaccine recipients and reflect their seroconversion status (closed = seroconverted, defined as ≥4-fold increase in Ab levels over baseline; open = no seroconversion). Bars represent the proportion of each cohort who reached seroconversion (right axis). The horizontal lines represent the mean fold change in Ab titers for each cohort.

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques: Control, HI Assay, Inhibition, Activity Assay

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding and functional features of antibodies elicited by the Novartis H1N1 pdm09 IIV ( A–C ). Selected binding and functional features of Ab specific for ( A ) full-length hemagglutinin (HA FL), ( B ) neuraminidase (NA), and ( C ) anti-virus activity. ns = not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. ( D–G ) Volcano plots visually represent results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests comparing baseline line levels to responses 21 days post-vaccination. Points are plotted by log 2 fold change ( x -axis) and the P -value from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test ( y -axis). Antigen specificity includes ( D ) HA FL, ( E ) HA stalk domain (Stalk), ( F ) NA, and ( G ) virus. The horizontal dotted line represents P = 0.05. The vertical dotted line represents a fourfold increase from baseline. The solid gray vertical line represents no fold change; values above 0 had a higher Ab response post-vaccination.

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Functional Assay, Virus, Activity Assay

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhanced NA antibody responses in pregnant women immunized with the 30 μg dose of the Novartis H1N1 pdm09 IIV. Volcano plots visualizing the results of Wilcoxon rank-sum tests comparing ( A ) pregnant women receiving 15 μg (P15) vs non-pregnant women receiving 15 μg (NP15), ( B ) P15 vs pregnant women receiving 30 μg (P30), and ( C ) P30 vs NP15. Points represent Ab feature (indicated by color) for each antigen specificity: full-length hemagglutinin [HA FL], HA stalk domain [Stalk], neuraminidase [NA], and anti-virus activity. Points are plotted by log 2 fold change ( x -axis) and the P -value from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test ( y -axis). The horizontal dotted line represents a P -value = 0.05, and the solid grey vertical line represents no fold change.

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques: Virus, Activity Assay

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Durability of antibodies elicited by the Novartis H1N1 pdm09 IIV in pregnant women. ( A ) Vaccine-induced features significantly declined from day 21 to delivery (Del.) in only one pregnant cohort but were stable in the other. ( B ) Features that significantly declined from day 21 to Del. in both cohorts but remained significantly higher at Del. from baseline in only one pregnant cohort. P -values represent the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for intracohort comparisons and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for comparisons between P15 and P30 at delivery. Non-significant values between time points are highlighted in pink boxes. Boxplots represent the median, interquartile range, and outliers of the cohort at each time point.

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques:

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding and functional features of antibodies elicited by the Novartis H1N1 pdm09 IIV and transferred to cord blood. Volcano plots showing the results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test comparing maternal blood and cord blood at delivery for pregnant women who received ( A ) 15 μg (P15) or ( B ) 30 μg (P30). Points represent antibody features (indicated by color) for each antigen specificity: full-length hemagglutinin (HA FL), HA stalk domain (Stalk), neuraminidase (NA), and virus. The horizontal dotted line represents a P -value = 0.05. The vertical solid gray line represents no fold change; values above 0 indicate higher expression in cord blood.

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Functional Assay, Virus, Expressing

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03904-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased dose of Novartis H1N1 pdm09 IIV improves NA immunity in the mother-infant dyad. ( A–C ) Partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis separating individuals based on exhibited antibody features measured ( A ) in maternal blood at day 21, ( B ) maternal blood at time of delivery, and ( C ) cord blood. Each point represents an individual, and the ellipses represent 95% confidence for each group. (Left) Explanatory variables ( X -variate) describe combinations of humoral features, and scores across XVs indicate the percentage of separation described by that axis. (Right) Variable importance in project (VIP) scores represent the contribution each feature makes to the PLSDA model, and the top 10 are listed. NA-specific features are denoted in red. ( D ) (Left) Breadth-potency curves representing the proportion of subjects/antigens with a given level of NA- (top row) and HA- (bottom row) specific IgG, considering NA and HA from multiple influenza strains at day 21 and delivery. Population means are shown with a thick line, and individual subjects are depicted with thin lines. Solid lines depict 21 days post-vaccination, and dashed lines depict delivery. (Right) Breadth scores for each subject. The data represent log-transformed individual data points, and the bar represents the mean. Breadth scores were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ∗ P < 0.05, ns = not significant ( P > 0.05).

Article Snippet: To interrogate pregnancy-associated changes in vaccine responses, we leveraged archived samples from a clinical study that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis inactivated influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Techniques: Transformation Assay